Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Botulinum Neurotoxin Protease Domains
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چکیده
منابع مشابه
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Botulinum Neurotoxin Protease Domains
Botulinum neurotoxins are most potent of all toxins. Their N-terminal light chain domain (Lc) translocates into peripheral cholinergic neurons to exert its endoproteolytic action leading to muscle paralysis. Therapeutic development against these toxins is a major challenge due to their in vitro and in vivo structural differences. Although three-dimensional structures and reaction mechanisms are...
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Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) causes flaccid paralysis by disabling synaptic exocytosis. Intoxication requires the tri-modular protein to undergo conformational changes in response to pH and redox gradients across endosomes, leading to the formation of a protein-conducting channel. The approximately 50 kDa light chain (LC) protease is translocated into the cytosol by the approximately...
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Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) and their fragments are targets of therapeutic developments and are increasingly used as therapeutic, prophylactic, and research reagents. However, published data on their properties vary widely. In order to gain a better understanding of these variations, we initiated a systematic investigation of the stability parameters of catalytic light chains (Lc) as well as ...
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Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are some of the most potent biological toxins to humans. They are synthesized by the gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium Clostridium botulinum. BoNT is secreted from the bacterium as a ~150 kDa polypeptide which is cleaved by bacterial or host proteases into a ~50 kDa light chain and a ~100 kDa heavy chain disulfide-linked protein. The light chain of the toxin c...
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The rapidly growing number of botulinum neurotoxin sequences poses the problem of the possible evolutionary significance of the variability of these superpotent neurotoxins for toxin-producing Clostridium species. To progress in the understanding of this remarkable phenomenon, we suggest that researchers should (i) abandon an anthropocentric view of these neurotoxins as human botulism-causing a...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Frontiers in Pharmacology
سال: 2012
ISSN: 1663-9812
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00102